Since the onset of the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, UNHCR’s Regional Bureau for Europe has been estimating and publishing operational population statistics on the numbers and flows of individuals forced to flee Ukraine due to the war. These statistics are based on data made available by national and regional authorities.

UNHCR’s means of verification and level of access to refugees from Ukraine varies by country. While every effort has been made to ensure all statistical information is verified, including thorough continuous triangulation of information and sources, figures should be considered as estimates and amendments may occur, including retroactively.

In compiling these operational statistics, care has been taken to ensure alignment with UNHCR’s official statistics, which are published biannually (see here). However, discrepancies between operational and official figures may exist for specific countries.

(1) Refugees from Ukraine recorded across Europe and beyond
The total number of Refugees from Ukraine recorded to date reflects the estimated number of individuals who have fled Ukraine since 24 February 2022, have been granted international protection, temporary protection or other forms of stay linked to their protection needs or situation in the country of origin, and are currently present in each respective host country. Figures for each country include:

•  Ukrainian nationals and Third Country Nationals granted temporary protection:: figures on active beneficiaries of the Temporary Protection Directive (TPD) in EU+ countries are obtained directly from Eurostat (Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection at the end of the month), except for countries covered under the Regional Response Plan for the Ukraine Refugee Situation, where data is sourced directly from national authorities. Additionally, data for non-EU countries with temporary protection schemes is also obtained directly from national authorities.

•  Ukrainian nationals recognized as refugees or granted complementary forms of protection: This data is compiled and published by UNHCR as part of its official statistics every six months, based on information provided by national authorities.

•  Ukrainian nationals who applied for asylum and whose asylum applications are pending a decision: this data is compiled and published by UNHCR as part of its official statistics every six months, based on information provided by national authorities.

•  Ukrainian nationals granted other forms of stay: this refers to statistics on all other individuals who have fled Ukraine since 24 February 2022 and were granted other forms of stay linked to their protection needs or situation in the country of origin. This includes specific visa schemes established for Ukrainians in various host countries. Data is obtained from national authorities, based on official estimates or administrative records.

Figures are updated monthly, or in accordance with the frequency at which updated data is released by national authorities and Eurostat.

For disaggregated statistics on active beneficiaries of Temporary Protection in the European Union by country, please refer to the European Union official figures available on Eurostat (Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection at the end of the month).

(2) Border crossings from and to Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)
The border crossings figures reflect cross-border movements—not unique individuals. The data is compiled by UNHCR based on statistics provided by the border authorities of each respective country.
As of May 2025, the methodology for border crossings data to and from Ukraine has been revised. The total outflow from Ukraine and inflow to Ukraine now reflect border crossings by Ukrainian nationals only, recorded since 24 February 2022.

a. Republic of Moldova: Includes border crossings of Ukrainian nationals entering Moldova from Ukraine via the Moldova–Ukraine border, and those re-entering Ukraine from Moldova.
b. Romania: Includes all border crossings of Ukrainian nationals to and from Romania through the Romania–Ukraine border. Border crossings through the Moldova–Romania border are excluded, as they are already accounted for in Moldova’s data.
c. Hungary: Includes all border crossings of Ukrainian nationals to and from Hungary through the Hungary–Ukraine border.
d. Slovakia: Includes all border crossings of Ukrainian nationals to and from Slovakia through the Slovakia–Ukraine border.
e. Poland: Includes all border crossings of Ukrainian nationals to and from Poland through the Poland–Ukraine border. Movements back to Ukraine may be pendular and do not necessarily indicate sustainable returns, as the security situation across Ukraine remains highly volatile and unpredictable.

(3) Demographic estimates for refugees from Ukraine
Demographic disaggregation estimates of the overall number of refugees from Ukraine are based on available official data from Eurostat (for EU+ countries) and national authorities, supplemented by survey-based estimates for other countries. These figures are updated on a quarterly basis.

(4) Ukrainian asylum applications and Temporary Protection decisions
This data reflects new asylum applications by Ukrainian nationals registered in EU+ countries, as published monthly by Eurostat (Asylum applicants by type, citizenship, age and sex - monthly data) as well as new positive decisions for temporary protection reported by EU+ countries, also published monthly by EUROSTAT (Decisions granting temporary protection by citizenship, age and sex - monthly data)

All country figures have been rounded to the nearest 5. Total figures for Europe, beyond Europe and globally have been rounded to the nearest 100. Date stamp may differ for different data, and the date under each data type refers to most recent data point.